Agrarian Basis of the Political Transformation in West Bengal C. 1947-1977

Abstract

West Bengal experienced a multifaceted metamorphosis from 1947 to 1977, significantly influencing the state's political landscape. This transformation was intricately tied to the agrarian sector, where agricultural and land reforms were crucial. The post-independence period marked the beginning of land reforms in West Bengal. Agrarian unrest, aggravated by extreme land inequality and oppressive zamindari systems, led to the establishment of a Communist-led coalition government in 1977. This paper demonstrates that the agrarian basis of the political transformation in West Bengal from 1947 to 1977 was instrumental in shaping the state's political trajectory. The shift from agrarian inequalities to agrarian reforms catalyzed a dramatic modification in the state's political landscape, ultimately shaping its socio-economic fabric and ideological outlook. Understanding this agrarian underpinning is essential for understanding the complex political history of West Bengal during this vital era. This paper highlights the role of West Bengal as a representative case study due to its demographic and historical relevance. The work also explores the dynamics of agrarian transformation, resource utilization, and the socio-economic structure in the post-independence years, particularly within the context of West Bengal. This case study will shed light on the interplay between political parties, land reforms, and refugee rehabilitation efforts, ultimately shaping the state's political course and the lives of its citizens.